The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.